耦合生態(tài)服務(wù)的國土空間煤礦廢棄地生態(tài)修復(fù)理論研究框架

任雪冰 李曉丹

摘要

截止到2018年，全國廢棄礦山共有98834，廢棄礦山損毀土地面積約63萬多公頃，這其中煤炭廢棄地約占60%。鑒于煤礦開采對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的重大影響，使得生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量上均遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，國土空間生態(tài)安全受到顯著威脅，煤礦廢棄地的生態(tài)修復(fù)迫在眉睫。

黨的十九大報(bào)告將國土空間用途管制和生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)上升到了國家戰(zhàn)略的高度，并強(qiáng)調(diào)二者相互依存、密不可分?？偨Y(jié)之前的煤礦廢棄地修復(fù)理論與實(shí)踐案例，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)目前針對(duì)煤礦廢棄地生態(tài)修復(fù)的理論認(rèn)知在整體工作流程及邏輯框架方面還有所欠缺。煤礦廢棄地的生態(tài)修復(fù)是國土空間生態(tài)修復(fù)的重要一環(huán)，需要綜合考慮煤礦廢棄地生態(tài)修復(fù)的特殊性。這個(gè)過程不僅僅是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量的改善，更是生態(tài)文明戰(zhàn)略架構(gòu)下對(duì)社會(huì)-生態(tài)協(xié)同發(fā)展的引導(dǎo)，即將過去依托資源承載力的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閺?qiáng)化生態(tài)恢復(fù)力的人地協(xié)同可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

因此，根據(jù)人類社會(huì)與生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之間以生態(tài)服務(wù)流為紐帶形成的反饋機(jī)制，本文基于國土空間“要素-格局-過程-服務(wù)”的聯(lián)系框架及空間耦合關(guān)系，對(duì)煤礦廢棄地生態(tài)修復(fù)從基本內(nèi)涵、修復(fù)目標(biāo)、研究尺度、修復(fù)模式4個(gè)方面闡釋其理論研究框架。該框架從區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的視角，在深入闡明生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展之間內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的基礎(chǔ)上，以區(qū)域生態(tài)安全格局的構(gòu)建為主體，形成對(duì)煤礦廢棄地生態(tài)修復(fù)的邏輯認(rèn)知到規(guī)劃方法的理論架構(gòu)，完善了當(dāng)前以單一目標(biāo)為核心的煤礦廢棄地生態(tài)修復(fù)理論。以期為新時(shí)期國土空間生態(tài)修復(fù)從區(qū)域自主治理走向全域空間設(shè)計(jì)提供科學(xué)支撐。

任雪冰，中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)（北京）博士研究生，北方工業(yè)大學(xué)講師；
李曉丹，中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)（北京）教授，博士生導(dǎo)師。

Coupling Ecosystem Services and Ecological Restoration Theory of  Coal Mines Wasteland in view of Territorial space

Xuebing REN，Xiaodan LI

Abstract

As of 2018, there are 98834 abandoned mines in the country, and the damaged land area of abandoned mines is about 630,000 hectares, of which coal mines wasteland accounts for about 60%. In view of the great impact of coal mining on the ecological environment, the ecological system has been seriously damaged in quantity and quality, and the ecological security of territorial space has received a significant threat, the ecological restoration of coal mines wasteland is imminent.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) raised to the height of national strategy on the land and space use control and ecological restoration , and stressed that the two aspects are interdependent and inseparable. Based on the early theory and practice of coal mines wasteland restoration, we can find that the theoretical cognition of ecological restoration of coal mine wasteland is still deficient in the whole work flow and logical framework. Ecological restoration of coal mines wasteland is an important part of land and space ecological restoration, it is necessary to consider the particularity of ecological restoration of coal mines wasteland. This process is not only the improvement of ecosystem quality, but also the guidance of social-ecological coordinated development under the strategic framework of ecological civilization. That means transforming the social and economic growth relying on the carrying capacity of resources into the coordinated and sustainable development of people and land to strengthen  Ecological resilience.

Therefore, according to the feedback mechanism formed by ecological service flow between human society and ecosystem, this paper explains the theoretical research framework of ecological restoration of coal mines wasteland from four aspects: basic connotation, restoration target, research scale and restoration mode, based on the link frame of "factor-pattern-process-service" and spatial coupling relationship. From the perspective of regional ecosystem services, on the basis of the in-depth elucidation of the internal relationship between ecosystem services and social and economic development, this framework takes the construction of regional ecological security pattern as the main body to form a theoretical framework of logical cognition to planning methods for ecological restoration of coal mines wasteland, and consummates the ecological restoration theory of coal mines wasteland with single goal as the core. This provides scientific support for the  ecological restoration of territorial space from regional autonomous governance to global space design in the new period.

Xuebing Ren, Ph.D., China University of Mining and Technology -Beijing; Lecturer, North China  University of Technology;

Xiaodan Li, Professor, China University of Mining and Technology -Beijing, Ph. D. supervisor.