項(xiàng)目名稱：泰國(guó)國(guó)立法政大學(xué)城市屋頂農(nóng)場(chǎng)（THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY URBAN ROOFTOP FARM）

　　項(xiàng)目位置：泰國(guó)巴吞他尼府

　　設(shè)計(jì)單位：Landprocess

　　場(chǎng)地總面積：60000㎡

　　綠色屋頂面積：22000㎡

　　項(xiàng)目狀況：建造完成

　　在氣候危機(jī)中，糧食和水資源短缺對(duì)人類文明構(gòu)成巨大威脅。曼谷和整個(gè)東南亞地區(qū)的城市，曾經(jīng)是糧食資源豐富的農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)，現(xiàn)在卻成了不受管制的城市化的受害者。農(nóng)田變成了滿是農(nóng)藥的工業(yè)化農(nóng)場(chǎng)，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)被污染，完全不顧及公眾健康和人民生活。

　　Amidst the climate crisis, food and water scarcity pose tremendous threats to human civilization. Once abundant agrarian societies rich with food sources, Bangkok and cities across Southeast Asia have become victims of unregulated urbanization on rice-producing regions. Agricultural lands have turned into pesticide-laden industrialized farms, polluting ecosystems with no regard for public health and people’s livelihood.

　　Landprocess再利用236806平方英尺的屋頂空間，幫助泰國(guó)國(guó)立法政大學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)施了亞洲最大的有機(jī)屋頂農(nóng)場(chǎng)——泰國(guó)國(guó)立法政大學(xué)城市屋頂農(nóng)場(chǎng)，同時(shí)也成為了一個(gè)有效的氣候解決方案。結(jié)合現(xiàn)代景觀建筑和傳統(tǒng)梯田的農(nóng)業(yè)獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，為校園創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)包容性的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)，包括可持續(xù)食品生產(chǎn)、可再生能源、有機(jī)廢物、水資源管理和公共空間。

　　Repurposing 236,806 sq. ft. of wasted rooftop space, the landscape architect helped Thammasat University envision and implement a climate solution with Asia’s largest organic rooftop farm—Thammasat Urban Rooftop Farm (TURF). Integrating modern landscape architecture with the agricultural ingenuity of traditional rice terraces, TURF creates an inclusive circular economy for the campus, incorporating sustainable food production, renewable energy, organic waste, water management and public space for all.

　　來(lái)自山上的梯田

　　RICE TERRACES FROM A MOUNTAIN

　　受到東南亞山區(qū)傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性啟發(fā)，景觀設(shè)計(jì)師將梯田的土方工程與現(xiàn)代綠色屋頂技術(shù)相結(jié)合。236806平方英尺的層疊屋頂與傳統(tǒng)的混凝土屋頂相比，減緩徑流的效率可提高20倍。

　　Inspired by the ingenuity of traditional agricultural practices on mountainous terrains across Southeast Asia, TURF’s landscape architect integrated the earthwork of rice terraces with modern green roof technology. The 236,806 sq. ft. cascading rooftop can slow down runoff up to 20 times more efficiently than a conventional concrete rooftop.

　　隨著雨水沿斜坡蜿蜒而下，每一層的屋頂都從之前的單元中收集徑流，沿梯田形成獨(dú)特的微型集水區(qū)，幫助吸收、過(guò)濾和凈化雨水，同時(shí)為校園種植食物。在盡頭，每個(gè)側(cè)翼上都有四個(gè)蓄水池，可以達(dá)到3095570加侖的容量。這些水池大大減少了流出場(chǎng)地的雨水量，同時(shí)減輕了意外的洪水和干旱災(zāi)害。他們提出了一種解決方案，在強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴期間儲(chǔ)存多余的徑流，以便在干旱期間使用。

　　As rainwater zigzags down the slopes, each level of TURF harvests runoff from the previous cell, forming unique clusters of micro-watersheds along the terrace to helping absorb, filter and purify rainwater while growing food for the campus. By the end of its journey, four retention ponds await on each wing, capable of holding up to 3,095,570 gallons of water once combined. These ponds significantly reduce the volume of stormwater leaving the site while mitigating unexpected flood and drought disasters. They present a solution to storing excessive runoff during intense storms for future use during dry spells.

　　在四個(gè)池塘中重復(fù)使用水，景觀實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)場(chǎng)地水的管理，以減少水對(duì)食品生產(chǎn)的影響。一個(gè)太陽(yáng)能泵將儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)的水向上推到屋頂進(jìn)行灌溉。此外，水稻和蔬菜的層疊種植豐富了土壤的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，減少了大雨期間流失的土壤。這可以防止被污染的徑流以及通過(guò)空氣傳播的微粒毒素進(jìn)入排水系統(tǒng)和自然水體。

　　Reusing restoring water at four retention ponds, the TURF manages on-site water management to minimize water footprint on food production. A solar-powered pump pushes stored water upward for roof irrigation. Furthermore, the cascading layers of rice and vegetable plantations enrich the soil’s nutrition, reducing the amount of soil mass lost during heavy rainfall. This prevents polluted runoff as well as particulate airborne toxins from entering drainage systems and natural water bodies.

　　用屋頂為人們提供食物

　　FEEDING PEOPLE FROM A SINGLE ROOFTOP

　　今天，城市化迅速消耗了農(nóng)業(yè)用地，使食物來(lái)源進(jìn)一步遠(yuǎn)離城市及其消費(fèi)者。到2050年，全球80%的人口將居住在城市。為了確保全球糧食安全，并優(yōu)先考慮人類和環(huán)境健康，城市必須利用被浪費(fèi)的城市空間，以高效和可持續(xù)的方式生產(chǎn)糧食。

　　Today, urbanization has rapidly consumed agricultural lands, pushing food sources further away from cities and their consumers. By 2050, 80 percent of the world’s population will live in cities. To ensure global food security, and prioritize human and environmental health, cities must utilize wasted urban spaces to produce food efficiently and sustainably.

　　如今，泰國(guó)是世界五大農(nóng)藥進(jìn)口國(guó)之一。集約化農(nóng)業(yè)擴(kuò)張，留下致命的化學(xué)有毒廢棄物的痕跡。這片景觀替代了75,300平方英尺的浪費(fèi)空間，促進(jìn)了可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)、作物多樣性、小型農(nóng)場(chǎng)系統(tǒng)以及營(yíng)養(yǎng)的改善。

　　Today, Thailand ranks as one of the top five importers of pesticides in the world. Intensive monocrop agriculture continues to expand, scouring natural food sources and leaving trails of deadly chemical toxic waste behind. By replacing 75,300 sq. ft. of what would have been another wasted concrete rooftop with an urban organic farm, the TURF promotes sustainable agriculture, crop diversity, small farm systems as well as improved nutrition.

　　除了恢復(fù)城市生物多樣性和氣候異常，這座城市農(nóng)場(chǎng)不僅為人們提供了食物，也為他們提供了營(yíng)養(yǎng)。這里有40多種可食用的品種，包括TU學(xué)者培育的原始水稻品種、本地蔬菜和草本植物、果樹(shù)以及其他品種，從耐水品種到抗旱品種應(yīng)有盡有。每一個(gè)都適合獨(dú)特的由光照、曲率和屋頂水流所創(chuàng)造的小氣候。

　　In addition to restoring urban biodiversity and tackling forthcoming climate irregularities, the urban farm not only feeds people, but also nourishes them. A variety of 40 edible species—including an original rice strain bred by TU academics, indigenous vegetables and herbs, fruit trees and more—range from water-tolerant to drought-resistant. Each is suited to the unique microclimate created by the sunlight exposure, curvature and water flow of the roof’s elevation.

　　在場(chǎng)地下方下，是一個(gè)咖啡館——也是校園和社區(qū)的綠色食堂，直接將農(nóng)場(chǎng)的新鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)到餐桌上。這里每年為社區(qū)提供多達(dá)20噸的有機(jī)食品，相當(dāng)于每年13萬(wàn)頓飯。餐廳離屋頂農(nóng)場(chǎng)很近，完成了可持續(xù)的食品生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，減少浪費(fèi)和二氧化碳排放。在循環(huán)結(jié)束時(shí)，所有的有機(jī)廢物都被回收作為堆肥，為下一個(gè)收獲季節(jié)的作物施肥。

　　Beneath TURF, a café—a green canteen for the campus and community—serves fresh produce from the farm right to the table. TURF provides up to 20 tons of organic food to the community each year, equating to 130,000 meals annually. In close proximity to TURF, the canteen completes the holistic and sustainable food production system, reducing waste and CO2 emissions from start to finish. By the end of the cycle, all organic waste is recycled back as compost to fertilize crops for the next harvest.

　　用閑置的屋頂為社區(qū)供電

　　POWERING A COMMUNITY FROM AN UNUSED ROOFTOP

　　這所大學(xué)的綠色屋頂每小時(shí)可以產(chǎn)生50萬(wàn)瓦(相當(dāng)于2.5萬(wàn)個(gè)電燈泡)的電力，它可以自己發(fā)電來(lái)灌溉城市農(nóng)場(chǎng)，并為下面的建筑提供電力。38,373平方英尺的太陽(yáng)能電池板覆蓋了整個(gè)空間的16%，放置在屋頂?shù)哪蟼?cè)，以持續(xù)暴露在陽(yáng)光下。

　　Capable of producing up to 500,000 watts (an equivalent of 25,000 electric light bulbs) per hour, the University’s green roof can generate its own electricity to irrigate the urban farm and power the building beneath it. For optimal energy generation, the 38,373 sq. ft. of solar panels—covering 16 percent of the space—are placed on the roof's southern side for continuous exposure to sunlight.

　　隨著綠色能源和被動(dòng)冷卻技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，屋頂農(nóng)場(chǎng)擺脫了對(duì)化石燃料的依賴。通過(guò)冷卻建筑內(nèi)外的空氣，它減少了與空調(diào)相關(guān)的能源消耗產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體排放，也提高了保溫性能，為建筑保持涼爽的溫度。

　　With green power and passive cooling, TURF pivots away from reliance on fossil fuels. By cooling air both inside and outside the building, it reduces greenhouse gas emissions from energy consumption related to air conditioning and also improves insulation to retain a cool temperature for building.

　　層疊屋頂用作公共空間

　　CASCADING ROOF AS PUBLIC SPACE

　　通過(guò)在多山的建筑中進(jìn)行操作，并最大限度地利用其傾斜的表面，項(xiàng)目利用地形的每一層來(lái)創(chuàng)建多功能的公共空間。斜坡上12個(gè)單獨(dú)設(shè)計(jì)的區(qū)域作為橢圓形的室外教室，而沿著樓梯分布的小口袋空間則提供了親密的社交空間和通向農(nóng)作物的通道。爬到頂部的人可以360度俯瞰曼谷全景。一個(gè)大型圓形劇場(chǎng)為所有游客提供了一個(gè)可達(dá)且靈活多變的娛樂(lè)教育空間。

　　By carving into the mountainous architecture and maximizing the use of the inclined surface, TURF utilizes every level of the terrain to create multi-functional public spaces. Twelve individually designed areas on the slopes serve as oval-shaped outdoor classrooms, while small pockets dispersed along the staircases provide intimate social spaces and access to the crops. TURF rewards those who climb to the top with a 360-degree panoramic view of the Bangkok centered in an urban farm and under the open sky. A large amphitheater provides an accessible and flexible recreational and educational space for all visitors.

　　當(dāng)茂盛的綠色變成干棕色，屋頂農(nóng)場(chǎng)成為一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)的、充滿希望的解決方案，讓現(xiàn)代城市居民回到祖先的農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐。景觀設(shè)計(jì)師受到當(dāng)?shù)鬲?dú)創(chuàng)性的啟發(fā)，實(shí)施了一種整體方法。就像幾代農(nóng)民從土地和水中學(xué)習(xí)，屋頂農(nóng)場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目秉承泰國(guó)文化歷史、風(fēng)景，為社區(qū)和城市建設(shè)者提供機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)如何適應(yīng)并接受在建設(shè)可持續(xù)城市時(shí)氣候的挑戰(zhàn)。

　　As lush green turns to dry brown, TURF is a realistic, but hopeful solution that puts modern urban dwellers back in tune with ancestral agricultural practices. The landscape architect implemented a holistic approach inspired by local ingenuity. Carried on through several generations of farmers who learned from the land and water they lived with—TURF holds with it the history of Thai culture, landscape and native soil, embedded as lessons to communities and city builders on how to adapt to and embrace climate challenges  in building the sustainable cities of the future.